| Abbreviation | Meaning |
| 1-Nal | 3-(1-Naphthyl)alanine |
| 2-Br-Z | 2-Bromobenzyloxycarbonyl |
| 2-Cl-Trt | 2-Chlorotrityl |
| 2-Cl-Z | 2-Chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl |
| 2-Nal | 3-(2-Naphthyl)alanine |
| 2-OPhiPr | 2-Phenylisopropyl ester |
| 2-Pal | 3-(2-Pyridyl)alalnine |
| 2-Thi | 3-(2-Thienyl)alanine |
| 3-Pal | 3-(3-Pyridyl)alanine |
| 3-Thi | 3-(3-Thienyl)alanine |
| 4-Abz | 4-Aminobenzoic acid |
| 4-Pal | 3-(4-Pyridyl)alanine |
| 5-Ava | 5-Aminovaleric acid |
| 5-FAM | 5-Carboxyfluorescein |
| 5-FAM-SE | 5-Carboxyfluorescein hydroxysuccinimide ester |
| 5-FITC | 5-Fluoresceinistothiocyanate |
| 5-ROX | 5-Carboxy-X-rhodamine |
| 5-TAMRA | 5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine |
| 5-TAMRA-SE | 5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine hydroxysuccinimide ester |
| 5(6)-FAM | Carboxyfluorescein, mixture of 5- and 6- isomers |
| 5(6)-FAM-SE | Carboxyfluorescein hydroxysuccinimide ester, mixture of 5- and 6- isomers |
| 5(6)-FITC | Fluoresceinistothiocyanate, mixture of 5- and 6- isomers |
| 5(6)-ROX | Carboxy-X-rhodamine, mixture of 5- and 6-isomers |
| 5(6)-TAMRA | Carboxytetramethylrhodamine, mixture of 5- and 6- isomers |
| 6-FAM | 6-Caroxyfluorescein |
| 6-FAM-SE | 6-Caroxyfluorescein hydroxysuccinimide ester |
| 6-FITC | 6-Fluoresceinistothiocyanate |
| 6-ROX | 6-Carboxy-X-rhodamine |
| 6-TAMRA | 6-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine |
| 6-TAMRA-SE | 6-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine hydroxysuccinimide ester |
| α-Abu | alpha-Aminobutyric acid |
| β-Ala | beta-Alanine |
| β-HAla | beta-Homoalanine |
| β-HArg | beta-Homoarginine |
| β-HAsn | beta-Homoaspargine |
| β-HAsp | beta-Homoaspartic acid |
| β-HGln | beta-Homoglutamine |
| β-HGlu | beta-Homoglutamic acid |
| β-HIle | beta-Homoisoleucine |
| β-HLeu | beta-Homoleucine |
| β-HLys | beta-Homolysine |
| β-HMet | beta-Homomethionine |
| β-HPhe | beta-Homophenylalanine |
| β-HPro | beta-Homoproline |
| β-HSer | beta-Homoserine |
| β-HThr | beta-Homothreonine |
| β-HTrp | beta-Homotryptophan |
| β-HTyr | beta-Homotyrosine |
| β-HVal | beta-Homovaline |
| γ-Abu | gamma-Aminobutyric acid |
| ε-Ahx | epsilon-Aminohexanoic acid |
| Ac | Acetyl |
| Ac4c | 1-Aminocyclobutancarboxylic acid |
| Ac5c | 1-Aminocyclpentanecarboxylic acid |
| Ac6c | 1-Aminocyclhexanecarboxylic acid |
| Acm | Acetamidomethyl |
| Acpc | 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| Aib | 2-Aminoisobutyric acid |
| Ala | Alanine |
| Ala(3-Cl) | 3-Chloroalanine |
| Ala(3-I) | 3-Iodoalanine |
| Ala(Styryl) | Styrylalanine |
| All | Allyl |
| Aloc | Allyloxycarbonyl |
| AMC | 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin |
| ANP | Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| ARF | ADP Ribosylation Factor |
| Arg | Arginine |
| Asn | Asparagine |
| Asp | Aspartic acid |
| Asu | 2-Aminosuberic acid |
| BAM | Bovine adrenal medulla |
| Bip | 2,2-Biphenylalanine |
| BNP | Brain natriuretic peptide |
| Boc | t-Butyloxycarbonyl |
| BOP | Castro’s Reagent; Benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate |
| Bpa | 4-Benzoylphenylalanine |
| Bta | 3-(3-benzothienyl)alanine |
| Bz | Benzoyl |
| Bzl | Benzyl |
| cAMP | Cyclic adenine monophosphate |
| CEA | Carcinoembryonic antigen |
| CDI | 1,1’-Carbonyl-diimidazole |
| CGRP | Calcitonin-gene related peptide |
| CHA | Cyclohexylamine |
| Cha | Cyclohexylalanine |
| Chg | Cyclohexylglycine |
| cHx | Cyclohexyl |
| Cit | Citrulline |
| Cl-HOBt | 6-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzotriazole |
| CMK | Chloromethyl ketone |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
| CNP | C-type Natriuretic Peptide |
| Cpa | Cyclopropylalanine |
| Cpg | Cyclpentylglycine |
| CRF | Corticotropin releasing factor |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CSP | Competence-stimulating peptide |
| CTAP | Connective tissue activating peptide |
| Cys | Cysteine |
| (Cys)2 | Cystine |
| Dab | 2,4-Diaminobutyric acid |
| DABCYL | 4-(4-Dimethylaminophenylaza)benzoate |
| Dap | 2,3-Diaminopropionic acid |
| DCC | Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide |
| DCHA | Dicyclohexylamine |
| DCM | Dichloromethane |
| Dde | 1-(4,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)ethyl |
| DEA | Diethylamine |
| DEPBT | 3-(Diethoxy-phosphoryloxy)-3H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazin-4-one |
| DHP | Dihydropyranyl |
| DIC | N,N’-Diisopropylcarbodiimide |
| Dip | 3,3-Diphenylalanine |
| DIPEA | Diisopropylethylamine |
| Dmab | 4-{N-[1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)-3-methylbutyl]amino}benzyl |
| DMAP | 4-(N,N-Dimethylaminopyridine) |
| Dmb | 2,4-Dimethoxybenzyl |
| DMF | N,N-Dimethylformamide |
| Dnp | 2,4-Dinitrophenyl |
| Dpg | α,α-Dipropylglycine |
| Dpm | Diphenylmethyl |
| DVB | Divinylbenzene |
| ED | Ethylene diamine |
| EDANS | 5-[(2-Aminoethyl)amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid |
| EDC | N-(3-Dimethyl-aminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride |
| EGF | Epidermal growth factor |
| ELISA | Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay |
| EMP | Epithelial Membrane Protein |
| Ep-CAM | Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule |
| Et | Ethyl |
| FGF | Fibroblast Growth Factor |
| FITC | Fluorescene Isothiocarbonate |
| Fm | 9-Fluorenylmethyl |
| Fmoc | 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl |
| FmocHmb | 2-(Fmoc-oxy)-4-methoxybenzyl |
| For | Formyl |
| FSH | Folicle Stimulating Hormone |
| GHRF | Growth Hormone Releasing Factor |
| GHRP | Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide |
| GIP | Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide |
| Glc | Glucosyl |
| Gln | Glutamine |
| GLP | Glucagon-like Peptide |
| Glu | Glutamic acid |
| Gly | Glycine |
| GMAP | Galanin message associated peptide |
| GM-CSF | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| GPC3 | Glypican 3 |
| GRF | Growth hormone releasing factor |
| GRP | Gastrin-releasing peptide |
| HArg | Homoarginine |
| HATU | 2-(7-Aza-1-H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylaminium hexafluorophosphate |
| HBTU | 2-(1H-Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylaminium hexafluorophosphate |
| HBV | Hepatitus B Virus |
| HCTU | 2-(6-Chloro-1-H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-uronium hexafluorophosphate |
| HCV | Hepatitus C Virus |
| HCys2 | Homocystine |
| HGH | Human Growth Hormone |
| His | Histidine |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| HLeu | Homoleucine |
| HOAt | 7-Azo-1-hydroxybenzotriazole |
| HOBt | 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole |
| HPhe | Homophenylalanine |
| HPLC | High performance liquid chromatography |
| HPV | Human papillomavirus |
| HSer | Homoserine |
| HSV | Herpes Simplex Virus |
| HTyr | Homotyrosine |
| Hyp | trans-4-Hydroxyproline |
| IAA | Iodoacetic acid |
| IAM | Iodoacetamide |
| IGF | Insulin-like growth factor |
| IL | Interleukin |
| Ile | Isoleucine |
| Inp | Isonipecotic acid |
| IPA | Isopropyl alcohol |
| iPr | Isopropyl |
| IRS | Insulin receptor substrate |
| ivDde | 1-(4,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)-3-methylbutyl |
| Lact | Lactosyl |
| LC | 6-Aminohexanoic acid linker |
| LEAP | Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide |
| Leu | Leucine |
| LH | Luteinizing-hormone |
| LH-RH | Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone |
| Lys | Lysine |
| Lys(Boc,Me) | Nε-Boc-Nε-methyl-lysine |
| Lys(Me)2 | Nε,Nε-Dimethyl-lysine |
| Lys(Me)3Cl | Nε,Nε,Nε-Trimethyl-lysine chloride, 2-amino-6-trimethylammonium chloride-hexanoic acid |
| Lys(N3) | 2-Amino-6-azidohexanoic acid, Azidolysine, Lysine(azide) |
| MAP | Multiple Antigen Peptide |
| MARCKS | Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate |
| MART | Melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells |
| MBHA | 4-Methylbenzhydrylamine |
| MBP | Myelin basic protein |
| Mca | (7-Methoxycoumarine-4-yl)acetyl |
| MCH | Melanin-Concentrating Hormone |
| Met | Methionine |
| MMP | Matrix Metalloproteinases |
| Mmt | 4-Methoxytrityl |
| Mob | p-Methoxybenzyl |
| Mpa | 3-Mercaptopropionic acid |
| MSH | Melanocyte Stimulatory Hormone |
| Mtr | 4-Methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl |
| Mts | Mesitylenesulfonyl |
| Mtt | 4-Methyltrityl |
| m-Tyr | meta-Tyrosine, 3-Tyrosine |
| Nal | Naphthylalanine |
| NHS | N-Hydroxysuccinimide |
| NC | Neurokinin |
| NHEt | Ethyl amide |
| NKA | Neurokinin A |
| Nle | Norleucine, α-Aminohexanoic acid |
| nm | Nanometer |
| NMR | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance |
| Nva | Norvaline, α-Aminopentanoic acid |
| Nva(5-Phenyl) | 2-Amino-5-phenylpentanoic acid |
| O-2-PhiPr | 2-Phenylisopropyl ester |
| Oic | Octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid |
| OMe | Methyl ester |
| ONp | p-Nitrophenol ester |
| OPac | Phenacyl ester |
| OPfp | Pentafluorophenol ester |
| Orn | Ornithine |
| OSu | N-Hydroxysuccinimide ester |
| OtBu | tert-Butyl ester |
| PACAP | Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide |
| PAL | Peptide amide linker |
| PAM | 4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenylacetamidomethyl |
| Pam | Palmitoyl |
| PAR | Protease-Activated Receptor |
| Pbf | 2,2,4,6,7-Pentamethyldihydro-benzofuran-5-sulfonyl |
| PEG | Poly(ethyleneglycol) |
| Pen | Penicillamine |
| Phe | Phenylalanine |
| Phe(2-Br) | 2-Bromophenylalanine |
| Phe(2-CF3) | 2-Trifluoromethylphenylalanine |
| Phe(2-Cl) | 2-Chlorophenylalanine |
| Phe(2-CN) | 2-Cyanophenylalanine |
| Phe(2,4-diCl) | 2,4-Dichlorophenylalanine |
| Phe(2-F) | 2-Fluorophenylalanine |
| Phe(2-Me) | 2-Methylphenylalanine |
| Phe(3-Br) | 3-Bromophenylalanine |
| Phe(3-CF3) | 3-Trifluorophenylalanine |
| Phe(3-Cl) | 3-Chlorophenylalanine |
| Phe(3-CN) | 3-Cyanophenylalanine |
| Phe(3,4-diCl) | 3,4-Dichlorophenylalanine |
| Phe(3,4-diF) | 3,4-Difluorophenylalanine |
| Phe(3,5-diF) | 3,5-Difluorophenylalanine |
| Phe(3-Me) | 3-Methylphenylalanine |
| Phe(4-Br) | 4-Bromophenylalanine |
| Phe(4-CF3) | 4-Trifluoromethylphenylalanine |
| Phe(4-Cl) | 4-Chlorophenylalanine |
| Phe(4-CN) | 4-Cyanophenylalanine |
| Phe(4-F) | 4-Fluorophenylalanine |
| Phe(4-I) | 4-Iodophenylalanine |
| Phe(4-Me) | 4-Methylphenylalanine |
| Phe(4-NH2) | 4-Aminophenylalanine |
| Phe(4-NO2) | 4-Nitrophenylalanine |
| Phg | Phenylglycine |
| Phg(4-OH) | 4-Hydroxyphenylglycine |
| Phth | Phthaloyl |
| PKC | Protein Kinase C |
| PLM | Phospholemman |
| Pmc | 2,2,5,7,8-Pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl |
| pMeBzl | para-Methylbenzyl |
| pMeOBzl | para-Methoxybenzyl |
| pNA | p-Nitroaniline amide |
| PPY | Pancreatic polypeptide |
| Pra | Propargylglycine |
| PRRS | Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome |
| Pro | Proline |
| pSer | Phosphoserine |
| pTH | Parathyroid Hormone |
| pThr | Phosphothreonine |
| pTyr | Phosphotyrosine |
| PyBOP | Benzotriazole-1-yloxy-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate |
| PyBroP | Bromo-tris-pyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate |
| Pyr | Pyroglutamic acid |
| PYY | Peptide YY |
| RFamide | Arg-Phe-NH2 |
| RFRP | RFamide-Related Peptide |
| RIA | Radioimmunoassay |
| RSK | Ribosomal S-6 Kinase |
| RSV | Respiratory syncytial virus |
| Sar | Sarcosine, N-Methylglycine |
| Ser | Serine |
| Ser(psi[Me,Me]pro) | (S)-2,2-Dimethyl-oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, serine pseudoproline |
| SIV | Simian Immunodeficiency Virus |
| Sta | Statine |
| Suc | Succinyl |
| SURE | Surface-active resin |
| TACE | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme |
| TAP | Peptide transporter-associated protein |
| TATU | 2-(7-Aza-1-H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate |
| TBDMS | tert-Butyldimethylsilyl |
| TBTU | 2-(1-H-Benzotriazole-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate |
| tBu | tert-Butyl |
| TDBTU | N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-O-(3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)uranium tetrafluoroborate |
| TFA | Trifluoroacetic acid |
| tfa | Trifluoroacetyl |
| Thr | Threonine |
| Thr(psi[Me,Me]pro) | (S,S)-2,2,5-Trimethyl-oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, threonine pseudoproline |
| Thz | Thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid |
| Tic | 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid |
| Tle | tert-Leucine, α-tert-Butylglycine |
| TNF | Tumor Necrosis Factor |
| Tos | para-Toluenesulfonate, para-Tosylate |
| TosOH | para-Toluenesulfonic acid |
| Tpi | 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronorharman-3-carboxylic acid |
| Tqa | 2-Tetrahydroisoquinoline acetic acid |
| TRAP | Thrombin receptor activator peptide |
| TRH | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone |
| Trp | Tryptophan |
| Trt | Trityl |
| TSTU | O-(N-Succinimidyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate |
| Tyr | Tyrosine |
| Tyr(3-Cl) | 3-Chlorotyrosine |
| Tyr(3-I) | 3-Iodotyrosine |
| Tyr(3-NO2) | 3-Nitrotyrosine |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| Val | Valine |
| VIP | Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide |
| Z | Benzyloxycarbonyl |
| (Z-Cys-OH)2 | N-N’-Bis-benzyloxycarbonylcystine |
